Millions of us use vehicles on the road every day, making transportation and road safety crucial for protecting lives. It’s not just about designing road systems and managing traffic, but also engineering robust structures that can prevent accidents, reduce the impact of natural events and provide smoother mobility. Urbanisation is increasing, and global transport is growing, making these worries even more critical.
Global road safety
Road safety is a growing concern. According to a 2023 World Health Organization survey, 1.19 million deaths per year are caused by road traffic. Vulnerable road users, including pedestrians and cyclists, ‘account for half of all deaths’. The WHO says that:
Governments must lead mobility strategies that are rooted in good data, backed by strong laws and funds and that include all sectors of society.
Many factors contribute to these fatalities; including human error, poor road design and signage and adverse weather conditions. The increase in vehicle use also heightens the risk of collisions.
Engineering safer roads
A key aspect of road safety is infrastructure quality. Proper engineering means that roads can handle heavier traffic loads, as well as challenging weather and terrain. Safety features like guardrails, traffic-calming devices and proper signage can help prevent accidents and reduce their severity.
The durability of roads also plays an important role. High quality and long-lasting surfaces can reduce the need for repairs and minimise accidents caused by potholes and uneven roads. Sustainable and resilient materials such as asphalt reinforced with recycled plastics can extend the life of roads, while also addressing environmental concerns.
Retaining wall systems can help to stabilise slopes, manage land erosion and protect roads from landslides and collapses. Precast retaining walls are becoming a popular choice for their ease of installation and cost efficiency.
Bridges and tunnels
Bridges and tunnels allow traffic to flow over obstacles like rivers and through mountains. But these structures present their own challenges: poorly designed or ageing bridges are at risk of collapse and construction materials must be robust and undergo regular maintenance. Technological innovations like the use of real-time monitoring systems can detect structural weaknesses, providing alerts to engineers and authorities in time for repairs.
Challenging weather
Weather conditions significantly impact our safety; as rain, snow and fog all reduce visibility and make roads slippery. Safety strategies must mitigate these hazards – better drainage systems can prevent flooding and reflective road markings can allow for better visibility. Countries with heavy snow like Canada and Sweden use advanced techniques, including heated roads and anti-icing materials, to prevent dangerous ice.
Technological innovation
Advanced traffic management systems and autonomous vehicles may transform how we design, maintain and use our roads. One of the more prevalent advancements is smart roads, which can communicate with vehicles, providing real-time information on road conditions, traffic and hazards. These roads are embedded with sensors that monitor traffic flow and weather conditions. They alert drivers to slow down when needed and ensure safer travel.
What’s next?
Autonomous vehicles (self-driving cars) are likely to become more prevalent, but we must keep road safety a top priority. Engineering solutions, innovative materials and new technologies can work together to reduce the number of accidents. Long-term safety will require a comprehensive approach and the smart use of technology.